I think the iPhone camera captures light in unexpected ways. The stripes are likely rays of light that get slightly bent due to chemicals in the glass.
Those lines probably come from polarizing or layered materials in the window. Smartphone cameras, especially iPhones, can make this effect more noticeable when taking photos through transparent surfaces with layered materials, like airplane windows. This effect, called a ‘moire pattern’ or ‘banding,’ is due to interference between the sensor’s pixels and patterns in the window layers. It’s a common issue in photos from plane windows, even though it’s not visible to the eye.